When I first started building bicycles for women some 25 years ago, it took only a quick glance at a man and a woman of the same height to see that her legs were longer than his. Her shorter torso was clearly the reason why she felt “stretched out” on a bike and had to endure discomfort in her shoulders and back. So Terry bikes were built with shorter top tubes on all sizes to address this concern.
Around 1990, I decided to get a more analytical and less anecdotal about the root causes of some women’s discomfort while riding. There’s a lot of information about men’s and women’s anatomy and I was looking forward to finding out just how much shorter a woman’s upper body was proportionate to a man’s. Guess what? Women have proportionately longer arms and trunks than men. Looks can be very deceptive, thanks to women’s higher waist lines.
Yet, women’s discomfort on bikes was very real. But what was the underlying cause? We were doing the right thing but for the wrong reason. We needed to know the right reason.
Enter Laura Lund, then working on her Masters in Mechanical Engineering-Bioengineering at Carnegie Mellon University. She did some research and came up with some possible causes for women’s discomfort. In doing so, she confirmed why our designs were working.
So what was going on? It has to do with the distribution of body mass and the location of the center of those masses. They differ between men and women. More of a woman’s body mass is in her trunk than a man’s. And, speaking in simple terms, it’s higher on her trunk than on a man’s. Think of it like this: if you put a five pound weight on your lower back and then bend over, it will be a lot easier than if you bend over with the same weight on your shoulders. Your total weight is the same in both cases, but in the latter case, you’ve moved the center of that weight up and away from the muscles that are doing the work. This higher “center of mass” means more effort is required by the lower back muscles. A similar situation exists in the arms with regard to the forces exerted on the rider’s shoulders.
Add to this the fact that women tend to have smaller muscles than men to support these forces. Not a good scenario!
But the story doesn’t end there. Stay tuned….
Tailwinds,
Georgena
I just found your website and love everything about it! At a whopping 54 I just started cycling, and am aiming for a 300k race around the Swedish lake Vättern next year! Your website will have a daily visit from me from now on!
Now I shall continue reading, so much great info about women´s bikes etc I am all excited! I must order a new saddle, the pain “down there” is too much right now. May even order a new bike from you, at the moment I ride my husbands mountain bike, but need a road bike!
SO much fun, thank you and keep up your great work!!
Lena in Sweden!
More on this please…
I so agree with everything I have just read. This past September, my sisters and I took a self guided bike trip through the region of Umbria Italy. I was is so much pain the first day, due to improper positioning of my seat and handlebars I was numb after 20 miles. I had also experienced low back pain and pulling across my shoulders. I was dreading getting back into the saddle. ( I did bring my own) After a few adjustments and a lot of encouragement from my sisters we set off. Much better were the remaining days but, a mans bike is just not made the same. More info please! As I am a novice bike rider and want to badly keep going, this article leaves me hopeful.
Thanks for the article. I am 6’2″ and have a hard time finding anything that fits… much less a bike. I’ve shied away from even testing out a woman’s bike, simply because I worry none will be tall enough. But, as the article points out, I always feel that the top tube is too long on unisex bikes. I am looking to purchase a new road bike within the year. Is there a woman’s model out there made for us tall girls? Or should I just stick to the unisex bikes?